MUSC 108. Introduction to Music Technology - Fall 2013

11 Lab 4 - Additive Synthesis Part 1

When you Mix and Render two sine waves you are mathematically adding them together sample by sample. The process is termed Additive Synthesis. In this lab we're going to create a sound you've heard many times using additive synthesis.

Generate A 480 Hz sine wave In Track 1

480 Hz

Generate A 620 Hz Sine Wave in Track 2

620 Hz

You should have two sine waves in the window. Notice that I used the Track Control Panel to rename the tracks.

Two sine waves

Add the Samples of the Two Waves (Mix)

Select both tracks.

Use the Mix and Render menu item in the Tracks window to combine the two sine waves into a new waveform.

Mix and Render Menu

Use the Zoom Out tool Zoom Out tool to expand the time scale, reducing the width of the mix waveform.

Zoom out mix

Create 500 ms of Silence

Select track 1 and click the Skip to End tool.

SkipToEnd tool

Use the Silence item in the Generate menu to generate 500 milliseconds of silence.

Gen Silence

500 ms of silence should be added after the mix waveform in track 1.

Paste Silence

Select entire track 1, both the mix waveform and the silence.

Click the Skip to End tool and paste.

Repeat two more times.

You should end up with this.

Four Copies

Normalize to -20 dB

The normalize command amplifies or attenuates of a waveform to a specific decibel setting.

Select the entire mix track and choose Normalize from the Effects menu.

Normalize menu

Normalize the track to -20 decibels (dB).

Normalize dialog

The end result should look like this.

Normalized waveform

Play It

Does it sound like the busy signal on your phone? It should. All phone tones follow the Dual-tone multi-frequency signaling (DTMF) standard. The busy signal tone for the U.S. is outlined in red.

Busy Signal

http://nemesis.lonestar.org/reference/telecom/signaling/busy.html

Plot Spectrum

Select one busy signal by double clicking.

Select one busy signal

Choose Plot Spectrum from the Analyze menu. Position the cross cursor over each spike and read the frequency. It's a mix of 480 Hz and 620 Hz.

Plot spectrum of busy signal

Dual-tone Multi-frequency (DTMF) Tones

All touch tones used on your cell phone are called DTMF tones. Each touch tone consists of two specific sine wave frequencies. The phone company uses the FFT to figure out what number you're calling. Additional information about DTMF tones can be found on the Reference page for Unit 9.

Continue with 11Lab5.

[Overview] [Syllabus]

Revised John Ellinger, January - September 2013